Pasture management guide for livestock

"Water is often the single greatest factor restricting the development of more efficient grazing systems” (pg. 52).
On a very basic level there are two options: take the cows to the water or take the water to the cows. To promote
healthy streams it is often best to bring the water to the cows. When assessing the capacity of a delivery system,
the authors suggest planning for future herd growth, hot summer days when more water is consumed, and
lactation periods. If it is impractical to bring the water to the cattle, stream side grazing can work for the farmer
and the stream if access points are fortified rock or cement blocks. Iowa State University Extension Bulletin PM-1713